📘 UNIT VI – Neural & Endocrine Coordination (Predicted Q&A)
🔹 2 Marks Questions
Q1. Name the three ossicles in the mammalian ear.
Ans: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes – transmit sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window.
Ans: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes – transmit sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window.
Q2. What is the pecten found in the bird eye?
Ans: A comb-like vascular structure in vitreous body; supplies nutrients and oxygen to the retina.
Ans: A comb-like vascular structure in vitreous body; supplies nutrients and oxygen to the retina.
Q3. Name two hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
Ans: Growth Hormone (GH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
Ans: Growth Hormone (GH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
Q4. Define second messenger mechanism.
Ans: Intracellular signaling via molecules (e.g., cAMP) generated when a hormone binds its receptor.
Ans: Intracellular signaling via molecules (e.g., cAMP) generated when a hormone binds its receptor.
Q5. What is the role of hypothalamus in endocrinology?
Ans: Regulates pituitary activity via releasing/inhibiting hormones; maintains homeostasis.
Ans: Regulates pituitary activity via releasing/inhibiting hormones; maintains homeostasis.
🔹 5 Marks Questions
Q1. Describe the structure of a neuron with a neat diagram.
Ans: A neuron is the basic structural and functional unit... (cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, synaptic knobs). Diagram must be drawn for full marks.
Ans: A neuron is the basic structural and functional unit... (cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, synaptic knobs). Diagram must be drawn for full marks.
Q2. Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Ans: Sympathetic → “Fight or flight” (↑ HR, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion). Parasympathetic → “Rest and digest” (↓ HR, stimulates digestion, constricts pupils). Both maintain body balance.
Ans: Sympathetic → “Fight or flight” (↑ HR, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion). Parasympathetic → “Rest and digest” (↓ HR, stimulates digestion, constricts pupils). Both maintain body balance.
Q3. Write short note on the pituitary gland.
Ans: Master gland at brain base. – Anterior: GH, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, Prolactin – Posterior: ADH, Oxytocin Controls growth, reproduction, water balance.
Ans: Master gland at brain base. – Anterior: GH, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, Prolactin – Posterior: ADH, Oxytocin Controls growth, reproduction, water balance.
🔹 12 Marks Questions
Q1. Explain the structure and functions of human brain with a neat diagram.
Ans: Forebrain (cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus), Midbrain (reflexes), Hindbrain (cerebellum, pons, medulla). Functions: intelligence, reflexes, homeostasis. Diagram essential.
Ans: Forebrain (cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus), Midbrain (reflexes), Hindbrain (cerebellum, pons, medulla). Functions: intelligence, reflexes, homeostasis. Diagram essential.
Q2. Describe the physiology of vision in human eye.
Ans: Light → Cornea → Lens → Retina (rods & cones). Photochemical reaction → optic nerve → occipital lobe. Accommodation adjusts vision. Defects: myopia, hypermetropia.
Ans: Light → Cornea → Lens → Retina (rods & cones). Photochemical reaction → optic nerve → occipital lobe. Accommodation adjusts vision. Defects: myopia, hypermetropia.
Q3. Discuss hormonal regulation of female reproductive cycle.
Ans: – FSH → follicle growth, estrogen secretion – LH surge → ovulation, corpus luteum – Corpus luteum → progesterone – If fertilization: hCG maintains CL – If not: CL degenerates → menstruation Cycle ~28 days (follicular, ovulatory, luteal).
Ans: – FSH → follicle growth, estrogen secretion – LH surge → ovulation, corpus luteum – Corpus luteum → progesterone – If fertilization: hCG maintains CL – If not: CL degenerates → menstruation Cycle ~28 days (follicular, ovulatory, luteal).
0 टिप्पणियाँ